{"id":361,"date":"2026-10-10T18:09:08","date_gmt":"2026-10-10T18:09:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/siplingo.com\/blog\/?p=361"},"modified":"2026-10-31T09:10:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-31T09:10:09","slug":"praeteritum-vs-perfekt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/siplingo.com\/blog\/praeteritum-vs-perfekt\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e4teritum vs Perfekt: When to Use Each German Past Tense"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pr\u00e4teritum vs Perfekt is mostly a question of speaking versus writing, not of meaning. In conversation, Germans use the Perfekt (<em>Ich habe gegessen<\/em>) for almost everything. In written stories, reports and news they use the Pr\u00e4teritum (<em>Ich a\u00df<\/em>). A short list of verbs (<em>war, hatte, konnte, musste, es gab<\/em>) stays in the Pr\u00e4teritum even in speech.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both tenses describe the same finished past. <em>Ich habe gestern gearbeitet<\/em> and <em>Ich arbeitete gestern<\/em> both mean &#8220;I worked yesterday&#8221;. The German Perfekt is not the English present perfect: you can use it with <em>gestern<\/em>, <em>letzte Woche<\/em> or <em>2019<\/em> without any problem.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How to build the Perfekt (haben or sein, ge- participles) has its own guide: <a href=\"\/blog\/german-perfekt-haben-sein\/\">German Perfekt with haben or sein<\/a>. This post covers when to use which tense and how to form the Pr\u00e4teritum.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The basic rule: Pr\u00e4teritum vs Perfekt in one table<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Situation<\/th><th>Usual tense<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Talking with friends, colleagues, at the doctor<\/td><td>Perfekt<\/td><td><em>Ich habe schlecht geschlafen.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Text messages, chat, informal emails<\/td><td>Perfekt<\/td><td><em>Wir sind gut angekommen!<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Novels, fairy tales, biographies<\/td><td>Pr\u00e4teritum<\/td><td><em>Es war einmal ein K\u00f6nig.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Newspaper reports, police reports<\/td><td>Pr\u00e4teritum (lead sentence often Perfekt)<\/td><td><em>Der Fahrer verlor die Kontrolle.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Formal written reports, CVs in prose<\/td><td>Pr\u00e4teritum<\/td><td><em>Von 2018 bis 2022 arbeitete sie in Porto.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sein, haben, modal verbs, in any context<\/td><td>Pr\u00e4teritum<\/td><td><em>Ich war m\u00fcde. Ich musste gehen.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">News articles often open with a Perfekt sentence (<em>In Hamburg ist ein Zug entgleist<\/em>) and then tell the details in the Pr\u00e4teritum.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The exceptions: Pr\u00e4teritum in everyday speech<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A small group of very frequent verbs is normally used in the Pr\u00e4teritum, even in casual conversation. These are the ones to learn first.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Verb<\/th><th>Pr\u00e4teritum (ich)<\/th><th>Spoken example<\/th><th>English<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>sein<\/td><td>war<\/td><td><em>Ich war gestern beim Arzt.<\/em><\/td><td>I was at the doctor&#8217;s yesterday.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>haben<\/td><td>hatte<\/td><td><em>Ich hatte keine Zeit.<\/em><\/td><td>I didn&#8217;t have time.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>k\u00f6nnen<\/td><td>konnte<\/td><td><em>Ich konnte nicht schlafen.<\/em><\/td><td>I couldn&#8217;t sleep.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>m\u00fcssen<\/td><td>musste<\/td><td><em>Wir mussten lange warten.<\/em><\/td><td>We had to wait a long time.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>wollen<\/td><td>wollte<\/td><td><em>Ich wollte dich anrufen.<\/em><\/td><td>I wanted to call you.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>d\u00fcrfen<\/td><td>durfte<\/td><td><em>Er durfte nicht mitkommen.<\/em><\/td><td>He wasn&#8217;t allowed to come along.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sollen<\/td><td>sollte<\/td><td><em>Ich sollte um acht da sein.<\/em><\/td><td>I was supposed to be there at eight.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>es gibt<\/td><td>es gab<\/td><td><em>Es gab ein Problem mit dem Zug.<\/em><\/td><td>There was a problem with the train.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>denken<\/td><td>dachte<\/td><td><em>Ich dachte, du kommst heute.<\/em><\/td><td>I thought you were coming today.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>wissen<\/td><td>wusste<\/td><td><em>Das wusste ich nicht.<\/em><\/td><td>I didn&#8217;t know that.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>finden (opinion)<\/td><td>fand<\/td><td><em>Ich fand den Film gut.<\/em><\/td><td>I thought the film was good.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two notes. <em>Finden<\/em> goes into the Pr\u00e4teritum mainly when it means &#8220;to think \/ to find something good or bad&#8221;. When it means &#8220;to find a lost object&#8221;, the Perfekt is usual: <em>Ich habe meinen Schl\u00fcssel gefunden.<\/em> And <em>wissen<\/em> is also common in the Perfekt (<em>Das habe ich nicht gewusst<\/em>); both versions are natural.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A normal spoken story mixes the two tenses, sometimes in one sentence:<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Gestern war ich beim Arzt. Ich musste eine Stunde warten, aber dann hat mir die \u00c4rztin ein Rezept gegeben.<\/em><br\/>\n(Yesterday I was at the doctor&#8217;s. I had to wait an hour, but then the doctor gave me a prescription.)<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more on <em>konnte, musste, wollte<\/em> and the double infinitive, see <a href=\"\/blog\/german-modal-verbs\/\">German modal verbs<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">North and south: a tendency, not a rule<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The preference for the Perfekt is stronger in the south. In Bavaria, Austria and especially Switzerland, speakers use the Pr\u00e4teritum even less in conversation; in Swiss German dialects it has practically disappeared, so you hear forms like <em>ich bi gsi<\/em> (roughly <em>ich bin gewesen<\/em>) where a northern German might say <em>ich war<\/em>. Linguists call this <em>Pr\u00e4teritumschwund<\/em> (loss of the Pr\u00e4teritum). For you as a learner it changes nothing: Perfekt plus the exception list above sounds natural everywhere.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to form the Pr\u00e4teritum<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are three types of verbs. In all of them, the <em>ich<\/em> and <em>er\/sie\/es<\/em> forms are identical and have no ending.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Weak (regular) verbs: stem + -te<\/h3>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Person<\/th><th>machen<\/th><th>arbeiten<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ich<\/td><td>machte<\/td><td>arbeitete<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>du<\/td><td>machtest<\/td><td>arbeitetest<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>er\/sie\/es<\/td><td>machte<\/td><td>arbeitete<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>wir<\/td><td>machten<\/td><td>arbeiteten<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ihr<\/td><td>machtet<\/td><td>arbeitetet<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sie\/Sie<\/td><td>machten<\/td><td>arbeiteten<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stems ending in <em>-t<\/em> or <em>-d<\/em> (and verbs like <em>\u00f6ffnen<\/em>, <em>rechnen<\/em>) add an extra <em>-e-<\/em>: <em>arbeitete, wartete, \u00f6ffnete<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strong (irregular) verbs: vowel change, no -te<\/h3>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Person<\/th><th>gehen<\/th><th>sein<\/th><th>haben<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ich<\/td><td>ging<\/td><td>war<\/td><td>hatte<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>du<\/td><td>gingst<\/td><td>warst<\/td><td>hattest<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>er\/sie\/es<\/td><td>ging<\/td><td>war<\/td><td>hatte<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>wir<\/td><td>gingen<\/td><td>waren<\/td><td>hatten<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ihr<\/td><td>gingt<\/td><td>wart<\/td><td>hattet<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sie\/Sie<\/td><td>gingen<\/td><td>waren<\/td><td>hatten<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Haben<\/em> is not a strong verb (it takes <em>-te<\/em>: <em>hatte<\/em>), but it belongs next to <em>sein<\/em> because you need both every day.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mixed verbs: vowel change and -te<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A few verbs change the vowel and still take <em>-te<\/em>: <em>denken \u2192 dachte, bringen \u2192 brachte, kennen \u2192 kannte, nennen \u2192 nannte, rennen \u2192 rannte, wissen \u2192 wusste<\/em>. The modal verbs work similarly: they drop the umlaut and add <em>-te<\/em> (<em>k\u00f6nnen \u2192 konnte, m\u00fcssen \u2192 musste, d\u00fcrfen \u2192 durfte, m\u00f6gen \u2192 mochte<\/em>), while <em>sollen \u2192 sollte<\/em> and <em>wollen \u2192 wollte<\/em> only add <em>-te<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">30 common irregular verbs: Infinitiv, Pr\u00e4teritum, Partizip II<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>#<\/th><th>Infinitiv<\/th><th>Pr\u00e4teritum<\/th><th>Partizip II<\/th><th>English<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>sein<\/td><td>war<\/td><td>ist gewesen<\/td><td>to be<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>haben<\/td><td>hatte<\/td><td>hat gehabt<\/td><td>to have<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>werden<\/td><td>wurde<\/td><td>ist geworden<\/td><td>to become<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>gehen<\/td><td>ging<\/td><td>ist gegangen<\/td><td>to go<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>kommen<\/td><td>kam<\/td><td>ist gekommen<\/td><td>to come<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>fahren<\/td><td>fuhr<\/td><td>ist gefahren<\/td><td>to drive, travel<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>fliegen<\/td><td>flog<\/td><td>ist geflogen<\/td><td>to fly<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td>bleiben<\/td><td>blieb<\/td><td>ist geblieben<\/td><td>to stay<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td>laufen<\/td><td>lief<\/td><td>ist gelaufen<\/td><td>to run, walk<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10<\/td><td>sehen<\/td><td>sah<\/td><td>hat gesehen<\/td><td>to see<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>11<\/td><td>geben<\/td><td>gab<\/td><td>hat gegeben<\/td><td>to give<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>12<\/td><td>nehmen<\/td><td>nahm<\/td><td>hat genommen<\/td><td>to take<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>13<\/td><td>essen<\/td><td>a\u00df<\/td><td>hat gegessen<\/td><td>to eat<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>14<\/td><td>trinken<\/td><td>trank<\/td><td>hat getrunken<\/td><td>to drink<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15<\/td><td>schreiben<\/td><td>schrieb<\/td><td>hat geschrieben<\/td><td>to write<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>16<\/td><td>lesen<\/td><td>las<\/td><td>hat gelesen<\/td><td>to read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17<\/td><td>sprechen<\/td><td>sprach<\/td><td>hat gesprochen<\/td><td>to speak<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>18<\/td><td>finden<\/td><td>fand<\/td><td>hat gefunden<\/td><td>to find<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>19<\/td><td>helfen<\/td><td>half<\/td><td>hat geholfen<\/td><td>to help<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>20<\/td><td>treffen<\/td><td>traf<\/td><td>hat getroffen<\/td><td>to meet<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>21<\/td><td>schlafen<\/td><td>schlief<\/td><td>hat geschlafen<\/td><td>to sleep<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>22<\/td><td>stehen<\/td><td>stand<\/td><td>hat gestanden<\/td><td>to stand<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>23<\/td><td>liegen<\/td><td>lag<\/td><td>hat gelegen<\/td><td>to lie (be lying)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>24<\/td><td>sitzen<\/td><td>sa\u00df<\/td><td>hat gesessen<\/td><td>to sit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>25<\/td><td>verstehen<\/td><td>verstand<\/td><td>hat verstanden<\/td><td>to understand<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>26<\/td><td>beginnen<\/td><td>begann<\/td><td>hat begonnen<\/td><td>to begin<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>27<\/td><td>bringen<\/td><td>brachte<\/td><td>hat gebracht<\/td><td>to bring<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>28<\/td><td>denken<\/td><td>dachte<\/td><td>hat gedacht<\/td><td>to think<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>29<\/td><td>wissen<\/td><td>wusste<\/td><td>hat gewusst<\/td><td>to know<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>30<\/td><td>kennen<\/td><td>kannte<\/td><td>hat gekannt<\/td><td>to know (be familiar with)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In southern Germany, Austria and Switzerland, <em>stehen, liegen<\/em> and <em>sitzen<\/em> take <em>sein<\/em> in the Perfekt (<em>ich bin gesessen<\/em>). Both are correct; in exams, <em>haben<\/em> is the safe choice.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The same story told twice<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Spoken version (Perfekt, with war and mussten):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Letzten Samstag bin ich mit meiner Schwester nach Hamburg gefahren. Der Zug war total voll, und wir mussten zwei Stunden stehen. In Hamburg haben wir zuerst ein Fischbr\u00f6tchen gegessen. Dann sind wir zum Hafen gelaufen und haben eine Bootsfahrt gemacht. Am Abend waren wir so m\u00fcde, dass wir schon um zehn ins Bett gegangen sind.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Written version (Pr\u00e4teritum):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Letzten Samstag fuhr ich mit meiner Schwester nach Hamburg. Der Zug war total voll, und wir mussten zwei Stunden stehen. In Hamburg a\u00dfen wir zuerst ein Fischbr\u00f6tchen. Dann liefen wir zum Hafen und machten eine Bootsfahrt. Am Abend waren wir so m\u00fcde, dass wir schon um zehn ins Bett gingen.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>English:<\/strong> Last Saturday my sister and I went to Hamburg. The train was completely full, and we had to stand for two hours. In Hamburg we first ate a fish sandwich. Then we walked to the harbour and took a boat trip. In the evening we were so tired that we went to bed at ten.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What did not change: <em>war, mussten, waren<\/em>. These stay in the Pr\u00e4teritum in both versions.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Knowing this table and saying <em>Ich bin gefahren<\/em> without stopping to think are two different skills. In SipLingo (our app) you tell an AI conversation partner about your weekend, a visit to the doctor or your last job, and it corrects tense, helper verb and word order right away, explained in your own language with the correct sentence. <a href=\"https:\/\/siplingo.com\/download?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=praeteritum-vs-perfekt&amp;utm_content=inline\">Practise the past tense out loud<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"siplingo-store-badges\" style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin:24px 0;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.apple.com\/app\/id6783970183\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/siplingo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/app_store.png\" alt=\"Download SipLingo on the App Store\" style=\"height:52px;width:auto;\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=ch.zgdevelopment.siplingo&amp;referrer=utm_source%3Dblog%26utm_medium%3Dpost%26utm_campaign%3Dpraeteritum-vs-perfekt%26utm_content%3Dbadge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/siplingo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/play_store.png\" alt=\"Get SipLingo on Google Play\" style=\"height:52px;width:auto;\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What B1 exams expect<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Checked in October 2026 against the Goethe-Institut&#8217;s description of the Goethe-Zertifikat B1 modules.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At B1 you write personal and formal emails and a forum post, and in the speaking test you plan something with a partner and give a short presentation on an everyday topic. In practice:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Writing a personal email<\/strong> about something that happened: the Perfekt plus <em>war, hatte<\/em> and modal verbs in the Pr\u00e4teritum is natural and correct. See <a href=\"\/blog\/goethe-b1-writing-exam\/\">Goethe B1 writing<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Speaking:<\/strong> the presentation usually includes your own experience, so you will talk about the past. Use the Perfekt and the exception list. See <a href=\"\/blog\/goethe-b1-speaking-exam\/\">Goethe B1 speaking<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Reading and listening:<\/strong> many reading texts use the Pr\u00e4teritum, so you must recognise forms like <em>fuhr, lag, begann, nahm<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The task descriptions do not ask for a specific past tense. What counts is that your grammar is correct and appropriate for the task.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which past tense should you learn first?<\/h2>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>A1\u2013A2:<\/strong> the Perfekt of the 40\u201350 most common verbs, plus <em>war<\/em> and <em>hatte<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>A2:<\/strong> the Pr\u00e4teritum of the modal verbs and <em>es gab<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>B1:<\/strong> recognise the Pr\u00e4teritum of the 30 verbs above when reading; use <em>dachte, wusste, fand<\/em> in speech.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>B2:<\/strong> use the Pr\u00e4teritum actively in written reports and summaries.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To describe an action that happened before another past action, you need a third tense: <a href=\"\/blog\/plusquamperfekt-german\/\">the Plusquamperfekt<\/a> (<em>Ich hatte schon gegessen<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common mistakes<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Writing a spoken story in the Pr\u00e4teritum:<\/strong> <em>Ich a\u00df gestern Pizza und ging ins Kino<\/em> is correct but sounds literary in a chat. Say <em>Ich habe gestern Pizza gegessen und bin ins Kino gegangen.<\/em><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Wrong ich\/er forms:<\/strong> <em>er gingte<\/em> (strong verbs take no <em>-te<\/em>) and <em>ich warte<\/em> for &#8220;I waited&#8221; (weak verbs need <em>-te<\/em>) are wrong. Correct: <em>er ging<\/em>, <em>ich wartete<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Weak endings on mixed verbs:<\/strong> <em>ich denkte, ich wisste<\/em> \u2192 <em>ich dachte, ich wusste<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Forgetting the extra -e-:<\/strong> <em>er arbeitte<\/em> \u2192 <em>er arbeitete<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Perfekt of sein with haben:<\/strong> <em>Ich habe gewesen<\/em> \u2192 <em>Ich bin gewesen<\/em>, or simply <em>Ich war<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exercise: put the sentences into the Pr\u00e4teritum<\/h2>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Wir sind nach Wien gefahren.<\/li>\n\n<li>Ich habe keine Zeit gehabt.<\/li>\n\n<li>Sie hat den ganzen Tag gearbeitet.<\/li>\n\n<li>Er hat an seine Mutter gedacht.<\/li>\n\n<li>Habt ihr das gewusst?<\/li>\n\n<li>Das Kind hat lange geschlafen.<\/li>\n\n<li>Ich habe den Brief geschrieben.<\/li>\n\n<li>Es hat ein Problem gegeben.<\/li>\n\n<li>Du hast das Fenster ge\u00f6ffnet.<\/li>\n\n<li>Wir haben im Caf\u00e9 gesessen.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bonus question: which three of the ten Pr\u00e4teritum sentences would Germans also say in normal conversation?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Wir fuhren nach Wien.<\/li>\n\n<li>Ich hatte keine Zeit.<\/li>\n\n<li>Sie arbeitete den ganzen Tag.<\/li>\n\n<li>Er dachte an seine Mutter.<\/li>\n\n<li>Wusstet ihr das?<\/li>\n\n<li>Das Kind schlief lange.<\/li>\n\n<li>Ich schrieb den Brief.<\/li>\n\n<li>Es gab ein Problem.<\/li>\n\n<li>Du \u00f6ffnetest das Fenster.<\/li>\n\n<li>Wir sa\u00dfen im Caf\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bonus: 2 (<em>hatte<\/em>), 5 (<em>wusstet<\/em>) and 8 (<em>es gab<\/em>). Sentence 4 is borderline: in speech, <em>dachte<\/em> is common mainly in <em>Ich dachte, &#8230;<\/em> (&#8220;I thought that &#8230;&#8221;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Official sources<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the official details and the latest updates, see:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/grammis.ids-mannheim.de\/fragen\/3287\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IDS Mannheim (grammis): grammis: Pr\u00e4teritum vs Perfekt usage<\/a> \u2013 When German uses simple past vs present perfect<\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/grammis.ids-mannheim.de\/fragen\/86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IDS Mannheim (grammis): grammis: Perfekt with haben or sein?<\/a> \u2013 Which verbs take sein vs haben in the Perfekt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What is the difference between Perfekt and Pr\u00e4teritum in German?<\/strong><br\/>\nBoth describe the finished past with the same meaning. The difference in Pr\u00e4teritum vs Perfekt is register: the Perfekt is used in speech and informal writing, the Pr\u00e4teritum in stories, reports and news, plus for <em>sein, haben<\/em> and modal verbs everywhere.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>When do you use Pr\u00e4teritum in German?<\/strong><br\/>\nIn written narratives (books, articles, reports) and, in speech, for <em>war, hatte, konnte, musste, wollte, durfte, sollte, es gab<\/em> and often <em>dachte, wusste, fand<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Is Perfekt past tense?<\/strong><br\/>\nYes. The German Perfekt is a past tense and works with past time words like <em>gestern<\/em>, unlike the English present perfect.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How do you form the Pr\u00e4teritum?<\/strong><br\/>\nWeak verbs add <em>-te<\/em> to the stem (<em>machte<\/em>), strong verbs change the vowel (<em>ging, sah<\/em>), and mixed verbs do both (<em>dachte, brachte<\/em>). The <em>ich<\/em> and <em>er\/sie\/es<\/em> forms have no ending.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which past tense should I learn first?<\/strong><br\/>\nThe Perfekt, together with <em>war, hatte<\/em> and the modal verbs in the Pr\u00e4teritum. That combination covers almost all spoken German at A2 and B1.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tell your last weekend in German out loud today, and get every tense corrected while you speak.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/siplingo.com\/download?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=praeteritum-vs-perfekt&amp;utm_content=footer\">Start free \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Speak in the Perfekt, write stories in the Pr\u00e4teritum. Exceptions in speech: war, hatte, modal verbs, es gab. Rules, tables and 30 irregular verbs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1077,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-361","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-german-grammar"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pr\u00e4teritum vs Perfekt: Which German Past Tense to Use<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Speak in the Perfekt, write stories in the Pr\u00e4teritum. 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